Always be Ready
for Anything to Happen
Here is it half way through 2007 and it has turned out to
be quite an exciting year so far, and that kind of excitement is something
I could use less of. As most of the readers know I am a professional helicopter
pilot who has made a career out of helping folks by inspecting and test
flying their new helicopters. I also assist the builder with rigging and
balancing of the main and tail rotor system before we begin their flight
training in their own ship. I have been doing this over 2 decades now
along with having a real job for much of that time. As kit helicopters
become more and more popular I find that I become increasingly busier
with helping builders and new owners with their machines so I have put
my other career aside and work full time in the kit and certified helicopter
training arena.
My wife and I took a much needed break last winter and traveled to California
to visit friends and family. While there several folks called me to get
some help with their flight training. After performing my usual safety
inspection on a new 162f and doing some fixing and adjusting we began
flight training.
Now one would think that with nearly 20 years of building, flying and
fixing Rotorway and other kit helicopters, I would have seen and experienced
everything that could happen to one. Here are a few events of the past
6 months that have been real eye openers for me and I hope that by sharing
them with the readership, they will not be repeated by anyone else.
January 2007. Flight training in the new Rotorway 162 F was proceeding
nicely. It was a very well built helicopter and there were only a few
minor glitches found that were easily remedied. We began the normal hover
training: anti-torque pedals, collective, cyclic, throttle, now combine
2, 3, and then all controls. While we are in safe proximity to the ground
doing initial hover training we are also test flying the helicopter. If
something gets loose, leaks, or breaks, we can set the helicopter down
onto the surface in an instant and stay safe, or so was my thinking on
that beautiful sunny California winter day.
We had several hours on the new helicopter and the training was progressing
nicely. It was time for my student’s first lift off without my assistance
and he did a pretty nice one. With the Rotorway helicopter the pilot applies
aft right cyclic as the ship gets light on the skids and as the helicopter
lifts into a hover the cyclic is brought back to the neutral position
to maintain a stationary hover. When my student lifted off he brought
the cyclic back to neutral but the helicopter began moving to the right.
I nudged the cyclic left but it would not move in that direction. Thinking
that my student was blocking the control against my left cyclic pressure
and the helicopter was accelerating left I announced “I have the
controls!!”
My student immediately pulled back from all of the controls and the helicopter
continued to accelerate to the left. I applied up collective to gain some
altitude so that I would have time to gain control of the helicopter and
found immediately that the cyclic control had become jammed and would
not provide any left movement. Suddenly I was hit by the realization that
we were about to crash this brand new helicopter and my only concern was
that we would be able to walk away from the wreckage. The helicopter was
now around fifty feet above the ground and traveling sideways to the right
at around 30 mph with no cyclic control and accelerating.
The wind was strong and from the east, we were now facing south and turning
right. I told my student “ I have to put us down, brace yourself!”
My hope was that we would not get hit by the main rotors when we slammed
into the ground at thirty plus miles per hour sideways. At least we had
a chance but if we continued to climb or accelerate, our chances for surviving
the ground impact would be greatly reduced.
I lowered the collective to stop the climb and the helicopter tilted
and turned further to the right as we descended. Just before impact with
the ground I applied full left anti-torque pedal which turned the nose
of the helicopter back into the wind and actually brought the skids level
due to the tail rotor force being applied under the main rotors. We were
now momentarily level but flying rearward at a high rate of speed so I
applied forward cyclic which slowed the helicopter as it again rolled
to the right and I had to climb to clear the ground while shooting sideways
again.
This time I applied full left anti-torque pedal dumped the collective
and applied full forward cyclic. The helicopter turned left back into
the wind, and leveled itself. Just before touchdown I pulled collective
as we made ground contact. The skids hit the ground, the left skid dug
into the soft sod as the helicopter rotated about 45 degrees to the right
pivoting on the buried front skid, and then dropped back onto both skids.
There we sat to my absolute astonishment, rotors winding down, ship level,
student oblivious to the danger that has just passed. He said something
like “wow, that was cool” – I don’t recall his
exact words because all I could really hear was my heartbeat pounding
inside of my Bose ANR headset.
When we looked at the cyclic controls we discovered that the lateral cyclic
travel stop bolt had backed out of the cyclic casting to the point that
it jammed the control in the straight up position. On the initial inspection
the jam nut was tight as was the stop bolt but the underside of the casting
is not machined and the jamb bolt did not make complete contact on the
entire surface. Couple that with the bolt hole being a loose fit as it
came from the factory, when the control check was made the bolt moved
slightly in it’s threads, changing the orientation of the lock nut
to allow it to rotate down with vibration and gravity to block the control
as seen in the following photo.
Lesson learned, I now check and double check all control
stops with wrenches to insure that they are tight and locked and cannot
move at all laterally.
Several years ago I was at Homer’s fly-in when a new 162F ran out
of fuel on approach and the pilot lowered the collective, flared, and
buried the tail boom into the bean field prior to the helicopter bouncing
up onto its nose and hitting the main rotors, then flipped onto it’s
side. I thought long and hard about what I would do in the same situation
and decided that it would be best to come down flat with lowered collective,
pull collective pitch before ground contact, and slide it on if the ship
had the longer skids vs. the short factory roll-over inducing skids.
In April of this year I was instructing up in Idaho in a new Rotorway
162f. It was my third trip to this student’s location. The first
trip up we finished the helicopter. The second trip up was when we did
his initial phase I hover training at which time I encouraged Pete to
flip his front landing gear bow and install longer skids. During this
trip were conducting his altitude training and were doing normal approaches
to a local airport. While on approach at around 50 feet AGL and around
40 mph the helicopter began to shake and we heard a banging noise. I took
the controls and thought that we had thrown a belt. When I lowered the
collective to maintain RRPM the engine quit.
Now I was in the exact situation that happened at Homers, on approach,
low altitude and air speed, engine dead. It is amazing how much information
one’s brain can process in a short period of time. In a fraction
of a second I decided to land flat into the grass area next to the runway
and kept the helicopter level while I resisted the urge to fare. Just
before ground contact I applied up collective and slid the helicopter
on. The first photo shows where we first made ground contact.
The second photo shows the flipped front landing bow and extended skids
that saved Pete’s helicopter. The helicopter sustained absolutely
no damage during the landing.
The last photo shows what we saw when we removed the rocker cover from
the engine.
The condition was repaired and the Pete’s helicopter
is once again flying.
In May I was up in Canada assisting Ron with his Jet Exec transition.
Everything was going well and we were doing some hovering with Ron on
the controls. He was moving the helicopter over to the fuel tanks to once
again satisfy the turbines unquenchable thirst. We had around a 30 knot
headwind gusting to 40 so Ron had to use a fair amount of collective input.
All at once we started climbing and I thought Ron was just feeling like
taking it up without telling me. Ron thought that I had decided to show
off the helicopters vertical climb abilities. I announced “I have
the controls” Ron dropped them and I discovered that the collective
had locked in a positive pitch climb setting and would not go down.
I immediately lowered the throttle just enough to stop the climb and
just before landing I increased throttle to set the helicopter onto the
ground relatively softly. We discovered that the locking collar that both
of us had checked prior to the flight had slid down to the point that
the forks of the swash plate had exited their slots and had rotated to
the point that the collective could no longer be lowered.
We found that the torque on the nut to the bolt that applies
the clamping pressure to the main shaft holding the collar in place was
correct but that the threads on the bolt were corroded and the proper
torque did not yield the proper clamping pressure.
From Canada I went to PA where I inspected and instructed in 3 Exec 152’s
that had been modified with dual ignition. Each of them had a loose locking
collar and on one the forks would actually come out of the collar with
full up collective. This ship had been flying and I was there to give
this pilot some auto rotation instruction. See the photo of how I found
Bills locking collar.
This collar is not a bad design but it needs to be tight. It is now one
more area that I pay even more attention to when I inspect a ship that
I am about to fly.
So here we are mid way through the year and I have experienced two in-flight
control lockups and an engine failure on approach. If I had been asked
if one could survive a control lockup like I have described, I would have
said that the ship would have crashed and the mortality of those on board
would be questionable, at best. What I found out was that when a crisis
occurs, somehow one’s training and experience kick in and we were
able to survive several potentially fatal events unscathed.
I have learned even more about inspecting these ships, I am always learning
and then sharing what I learn with those who want to gain from my experiences
and mistakes. I always look back and think, I should have known to look
for that but I did not, each occurrence described here was a new one for
me. I am sure that they have each happened to others but if they are not
shared publicly, how do we learn?
I now know to check the torque on the bolt head as well as the nut when
inspecting a ship. I also now thoroughly check all control stops and fittings
with wrenches, mirrors, and flashlights to make sure that there are no
more surprises.
My hope is that my sharing of these experiences will not scare the reader,
but will encourage them to look in these areas to insure that they do
not repeat the safe event.
Remember that you are the one that needs to insure that the helicopter
that you are going to fly is in an airworthy condition.
Fly safely and be ever vigilant.
Orv Neisingh
417-464-9999
orv@flywithorv.com
|